How should researchers handle mandatory reporting requirements in the context of sensitive disclosures (e.g., abuse) during a study?

• A. Ignore reporting requirements to protect confidentiality.
• B. Disclose requirements in the consent; implement reporting procedures; clarify confidentiality limits and ensure participant safety.
• C. Only report if the participant requests it.
• D. Report all disclosures to the participant's family.

Answer: (B)

When sensitive disclosures are possible, researchers must plan for mandatory reporting by making the limits of confidentiality clear and by having a clear process in place for reporting. The best approach is to include the mandatory reporting requirements in the informed consent, outline exactly what must be reported, who will be told, and the circumstances that trigger reporting, and then implement formal reporting procedures that are followed consistently. This also involves explaining to participants how their information will be handled, what information will be shared, and how their safety will be protected. This approach respects participants’ autonomy by ensuring they know the boundaries of confidentiality, while also protecting them and others from harm and complying with laws and professional obligations.

If you ignore reporting requirements, you risk legal trouble and ethical breaches, and you can jeopardize participant safety. Waiting for a participant to request reporting misses mandatory obligations and can leave people at risk. Reporting to a participant’s family is generally not appropriate or legal without the proper authorities or consent, and can undermine privacy and safety.